Georgia’s First Biennial Transparency Report and the National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory. 2024

The First Biennial Transparency Report (BTR) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) reports on Georgia’s progress in addressing climate change and meeting its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It highlights key climate policies, emission trends, and actions taken to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It also outlines financial, technological, and capacity-building needs to transition to a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy.

As part of the First Biennial Transparency Report, the National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory covers the period from 1990 to 2022 and includes trends in emissions and removals in energy, industry, waste management, agriculture, land use and forest management sectors.  

Key Highlights

Emission Trends (1990–2022):

• Peak emissions in 1990: 46,575 Gg CO₂ eq.
• Lowest emissions in 2001: 9,514 Gg CO₂ eq. (80% reduction from 1990 levels)
• 2022 emissions: 20,096 Gg CO₂ eq., reflecting post-pandemic economic recovery.

Sectoral Contributions (2022):

• Energy: Largest contributor, accounting for 13,218 Gg CO₂ eq.
• Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU): Increased from 1,642 Gg CO₂ eq. (1990) to 2,571 Gg CO₂ eq. (2022)
• Agriculture: Emissions stable between 2,300–2,800 Gg CO₂ eq.
• Waste: Steady increase due to urbanization and waste generation amounting to 1,995.9 Gg CO₂ eq. in 2022.

GHG Composition (2022):

• CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide): 63.9% of total emissions
• CH₄ (Methane): 29.4%
• N₂O (Nitrous Oxide): 4.4%
• HFCs (Hydrofluorocarbons) & SF₆ (Sulfur Hexafluoride): Increasing due to industrial activities.

The reports were prepared in coordination with the Ministry of Environment Protection and Agriculture of Georgia and the LEPL Environmental Information and Education Centre with assistance from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Global Environment Facility (GEF) under the joint initiative to develop Georgia’s national climate communication to UNFCCC.